The current in vivo evidence further supports this hypothesis; using a number of approaches that include anti-TGF-β antibodies, soluble receptors, or TGF-β-binding proteins[6,17], translational investigators have consistently reported that the blockade of TGF-β is therapeutically useful in a number of murine tumor systems, including renal cell cancer[18], melanoma[19], hepatocellular carcinoma[20], and glioma[21]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is central nervous system cancer.