STAT3 and glioma: Recently, we demonstrated that S100B, a protein that is expressed by most gliomas and activates receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) on microglia/macrophages, can induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity, resulting in suppression of microglia and primary monocyte function in vitro, reflected by inhibition of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production, and other pro-inflammatory cytokines [23].