FGF4 and ischemic disease: Adenoviral vector expressing VEGF (AdVEGF121) (31), adenoviral vector expressing FGF4 (Ad5.FGF4) (32), plasmid vector expressing VEGF (phVEGF-A165) (33) and plasmid vector expressing FGF1 (NV1FGF) (34) have been investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of ischemic diseases; however, they have failed due to adverse effects or non-effectiveness.