The role of Ack1 in the proliferation of LNCaP cells in the absence of androgens was further supported by other studies, which showed that the expression of an inactive Ack1 (dAck1) had limited effect on tumor growth, and it was also shown that if the dAck1-expressing cells were exposed to DHT, AR failed to induce PSA expression. Here, TNK2 is linked to neoplasm.