Nevertheless, consistent with the data presented here, a recent study using immunostaining with a phospho-ATM specific antibody demonstrated that the number of phospho-ATM positive hippocampal neurons (in individuals with mild cognitive impairment), or phospho-ATM positive cerebellar dentate neurons (in definite AD cases - Braak stage V and higher) is increased in cases with dementia compared to controls [50]. This evidence concerns the gene ATM and dementia.