Comparison of individuals without dementia (NL = CDR 0), with questionable-mild (CDR 0.5-1) and with moderate to severe dementia (CDR 2-5) showed higher levels of MDM4, ATM and ATR gene expression in individuals with dementia (F2, 112 = 4.037, p = 0.02 (MDM4); F2,112 = 4.357, p = 0.015 (ATM) and F2,112 = 3.038, p = 0.052 (ATR); see Figure 2). Here, ATM is linked to dementia.