VEGFA and macular retinal edema: Intravitreal anti-inflammatory therapy (triamcinolone acetonide, IVTA), intravitreal anti-VEGF (intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab) therapy, and a combined therapy have been shown to be relatively safe and effective treatments for macular edema as a result of BRVO or CRVO [16]–[19].