TNF and Other metabolic disease: In support of the latter contention, the resting values for both TNFα (∼2 pg/ml) and IL-6 (∼1.75 pg/ml) are below the values typically reported in individuals with diagnosed, or elevated risk for metabolic disease (TNFα >4 pg/ml; IL-6, ∼2 pg/ml) [3], [40], [41].