DPP4 and ischemia: Comparing the cardiovascular responses of ischemia/reperfusion between wild-type and DPP4-deficient rats after 45 min of coronary artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion for 2 h, DPP4-deficient rats had better cardiac performance in association with low infarct size and cardiac injury markers (LDH, ANP, and BNP), which could be attenuated, but not completely abrogated, by exendin (9–39), a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, involving a GLP-1 receptor-independent pathway.