LCN1 and infection: Figure 6B shows significantly less fungal growth incubated with 40 μg/ml or 4 μg/ml Lcn-1 than in RPMI alone, and that growth of A. fumigatus in the presence of neutrophils and 4 μg/ml Lcn-1 was significantly less than with neutrophils alone or Lcn-1 alone. Figures 6C–E show significantly less fungal dsRed and CFU in mice given topical Lcn-1 (16 μg/8 μl) at 0 h and 6 h after infection compared with infected mice not given Lcn-1. These findings indicate that topical Lcn-1 inhibits fungal growth in vivo, presumably by sequestering fungal siderophores.