The prevalence of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in prostate cancer appears to vary in different ethnic groups, with the highest frequencies of occurrence in Caucasians (~50%) [19,20], modest in African Americans (24%–31%) [19,20] and much lower frequencies in Asian populations (8%–21%) [19,21–23], indicating that distinct genetic alterations may drive prostate cancer development in different ethnic groups (Table 1). Here, TMPRSS2 is linked to prostate cancer.