A meta-analysis by Bloomfield et al., (2012) [16] and Chakra et al., (2012) [10] also conclude that serum albumin and WCC levels are important mortality risk factors in patients with CDI, whilst presence of fever, haemoglobin/haematocrit level, diarrhoea severity, presence of renal disease, diabetes, cancer, or nasogastric tube use did not appear to be associated with mortality. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and kidney disorder.