Other studies with human renal cell adenocarcinoma cell lines have shown that suppression of cellular PA production by treatment with a PLD inhibitor may inhibit the association of mTOR with both Raptor and Rictor, suggesting that PLD-derived PA may act as a key stabilizer of mTOR complexes 1 and 2 (53). Here, GPLD1 is linked to renal cell adenocarcinoma.