DUSP4 and carcinoma: The panel of markers includes a number of effectors of Ras/Raf-induced transformation, such as the ETS family members Etv4 and Etv5 or cMyc and Ccnd1, and genes involved in the feedback regulation of Mek/Erk signaling, such as Dusp4, Dusp6, Spry2, and Spry4. We found that the transcriptional output of the Erk pathway was only slightly induced in BrafV637E-dependent mSH and mSAs-LGD (average fold-change across target genes: 1.1 and 3.4, respectively) but was strongly upregulated in mSAs-HGD and carcinomas (average fold-change across target genes: 13.0 and 12.6, respectively).