These pathways are under constant research, including investigation of biomarkers possibly linking CKD to CV pathology, such as placental growth factor (PlGF), extracellular newly identified RAGE-binding protein (EN-RAGE), metalloproteinases, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), 25OHvitaminD and parathyroid hormone (PTH). The gene discussed is PGF; the disease is chronic kidney disease.