PCSK9 and atherosclerosis: In this review, we will focus on four porcine models with accelerated atherosclerosis: the induced diabetic/hypercholesterolemic (DM/HC) swine model, the LDL receptor knock-out model (or Rapacz pig), the recently described PCSK9 gain-of-function mutant cloned pig, and the Ossabaw metabolic syndrome model (Table 1).