Since more than 30 cell types express the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and more than 10 organs are capable of paracrine 1-α-hydroxylation, it is not surprising that vitamin D status or therapy has been linked to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, inflammation, auto- and innate immunity, and neoplastic diseases, respectively (reviewed in [17]). This evidence concerns the gene VDR and neoplasm.