ITIH4 and HIV-1 infection: Given that dectin-1 and DC-SIGN interact together to mediate signal transduction events in DCs [49], that zymosan can engage both dectin-1 and DC-SIGN, and that HIV-1 infection of DCs is promoted by an interaction between virus-associated gp120 and DC-SIGN [44], it can be proposed that the zymosan-directed enhancement in virus replication in DCs is due to both dectin-1 and DC-SIGN.