In response to single-agent or combination treatment of A549 xenograft tumors, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was increased, suggesting increased apoptotic activity among tumor cells, while Ki-67, phospho-S6, CD31, phospho-Akt, and phospho-Src signals were reduced, indicating reduced tumor cell proliferation, reduced neoangiogenesis, and reduced activity of downstream signaling pathways in treated cells (Figure 8A–C). The gene discussed is PECAM1; the disease is neoplasm.