IGF1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Although bone formation may be decreased in diabetic patients as indicated by low serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and osteocalcin concentrations (2-4), hemodialysis postmenopausal women showed high bone turnover similarly in patients with or without type 2 diabetes in the study conducted by Saito et al. (1) so that the effect of RAL on bone turnover markers was similar in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.