Furthermore, significantly increased ICAM-1 expression in ectopic endometrial stromal cells from endometriomas is enhanced by stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IFN-γ, indicating the important role of peritoneal cytokine milieu in the regulation of ICAM-1 expression in endometriotic stromal cells and consequently in the pathogenesis of endometriosis [137]. This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and endometriosis.