INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity-induced pancreatic β-cell death is regulated, at least in part, by the NLRP3 inflammasome, as demonstrated in NLRP3-deficient mice in late-stage obesity, where the ablation of NLRP3 is associated with reduced cell death and increase in pancreatic islet size and local insulin levels [41].