There are many sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in diabetes including mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial origins: NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, uncoupled eNOS, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and other hemoproteins [3], and mitochondrion is thought to be the main source of ROS generation site in DM. The gene discussed is XDH; the disease is diabetes mellitus.