Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, a less severe disruption in peripheral retina vascularization, can also be caused by mutations in NDP, or alternatively by mutations in Fzd4 or LRP5. Loss of the mouse homologue, Ndp, causes defects in retinal vasculature which lead to blindness as well as cochlear vasculature, and results in female infertility due to defects in decidualization [59–63]. Here, NDP is linked to blindness (disorder).