This conclusion is supported by several pieces of data: (i) the down-regulation of synaptopodin expression evident on day 7 and 14 of ADR nephropathy was prevented by RvD1 treatment; (ii) the development of glomerulosclerosis, thought to be secondary to podocyte damage, was prevented by RvD1 treatment, and; (iii) RvD1 had a direct protective effect in preventing TNF-α-induced down-regulation of synaptopodin in cultured podocytes. Here, TNF is linked to glomerulosclerosis.