PTEN and endometrial carcinoma: In addition, previous studies of endometrial carcinoma suggest that DNA methylation is a promising biomarker for cancer detection, and numerous genes inactivated by promoter hypermethylation including PTEN, 14-3-3σ, MLH1, HOXA11, E-cadherin, PAR4, among others have been found in endometrial carcinoma [10], [11], [12], [13].