Our study results are in line with other observational studies performed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with consistent mortality reducing effects with cardioselective ß-blockers [14], [15], [22], but with neutral effects for calcium channel blockers [14], [23], and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers [14], [16], [17]. Here, ACE is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.