Severe adverse events (grade 3 or grade 4) were as follows: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) increase (n = 2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increase (n = 1), glucose intolerance (n = 1), ascites (n = 1), and biliary tract infection (n = 1) in the PPV plus JTT group; GGT increase (n = 3), thrombocytopenia (n = 1), anorexia (n = 1), and pain (n = 1) in the PPV alone group. This evidence concerns the gene GGTLC1 and cholangitis.