NOS1 and diabetic retinopathy: Studies have shown that diabetes and high glucose (HG)-induced increases in oxidative and nitrosative stress are accompanied by increases in expression and activity of both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and that inhibiting NOS activity reduces oxidative and nitrosative stress and prevents early signs of diabetic retinopathy (8, , , –12).