Using a third-generation pathway analysis approach,29 nine pathways were identified as been significantly modulated in RAG-1−/− compared with WT: two being activated (Parkinson's disease and RNA transport) and seven inhibited (Huntington's diseases, Alzheimer's disease, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, olfactory transduction, focal adhesion, calcium signaling and small-cell lung cancer; summarized in Table 2 and reported singularly in Supplementary Figures 2–10). This evidence concerns the gene RAG1 and Parkinson disease.