In this context, our group has recently published a report showing that EGFR and HER2 overexpression are not common events in ESCC, nor are mutations in EGFR, v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) or v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) [74]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.