REN and metabolic syndrome: Age (coefficient 0.113, P < 0.0001), male gender (−0.154, P < 0.0001), SBP (0.139, P < 0.0001), serum creatinine (0.125, P < 0.0001), salt intake (0.105, P < 0.0001), smoking (0.124, P < 0.0001), ECG voltage (0.056, P < 0.0001), and use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (0.038, P < 0.001) independently correlated with UACR after adjustment for waist circumference, uric acid, fasting plasma glucose, and dyslipidemia (R2 = 0.111, F = 83.0, P < 0.0001).