TIMP1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Although the antifibrotic and hepatoprotective properties of the silibinin–phosphatidylcholine-vitamin E complex in the rat model of liver fibrosis stimulated by bile duct ligation and dimethylnitrosamine administration have been postulated to cause reduced mRNA expression levels of procollagen type I, TGFβ1, TIMP1, and MMP2, the administration of the complex has also been reported to reduce hepatic stellate cell activation and proliferation with collagen deposition [23].