Increased expression of CCL19 mRNA was observed in the CD11c+ cells from male vitamin D-deficient mice, when compared to their vitamin D-replete counterparts, while vitamin D deficiency down-regulated the expression of mRNAs of CCL11, CCL19, CCL20 and CXCL1 in CD11c+ cells from female mice (Fig. 8D). Here, CCL11 is linked to vitamin D level.