PD98059 treatment significantly blocked ERK1/2 and ROCKII phosphorylation whereas Fasudil treatment significantly attenuated diabetes-induced elevation in ROCKII but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation following acute treatment of diabetic mesenteric vascular bed (Figure 10a) or in cultured VSMC grown in high glucose (Figure 10b). The gene discussed is ROCK2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.