The general pattern indicated that the Chinese respondents had ‘healthier’ clinical profile than Malay and Indian participants (e.g. lower body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes prevalence, lower fasting glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin resistance and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)), which probably underlie the well known differences in cardio-metabolic risks between the 3 main ethnicities in this country (See Table S1 for post hoc analyses). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.