CD4 and AIDS: Among them, we have developed an HIV/AIDS vaccine candidate using an MVA vector which contains Env, Gag, Pol and Nef antigens of HIV-1 from clade B (termed MVA-B), that has been well characterized in vitro[34], [35], in mouse models [14], [15], [16], [17], non-human primates [18], and in a phase I clinical trial in humans [19], [20], showing that MVA-B is a promising HIV/AIDS vaccine candidate, as defined by high immunogenicity, ability to induce broad, polyfunctional and long-lasting CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to HIV-1 antigens.