Our studies and others have demonstrate that small molecule activators of SIRT1 or AMPK, such as resveratrol, the synthetic polyphenol S17834, and metformin, reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia for developing cardiovascular complications of obesity and type 2 diabetes [6], [19], [37]. Here, SIRT1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.