Several studies reported an association between FGF23 concentration and an increased risk of death, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, atrial fibrillation in different population including dialysis patients, patients with moderate alteration of kidney function, subjects with normal GFR and in subjects with chronic heart disease [29], [30], [31], [49], [50], [51], [52]. This evidence concerns the gene FGF23 and heart failure.