PANK1 and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder which used to known as the Halervorden-Spatz syndrome, is characterized by iron accumulation in the brain resulting in dystonia, choreoathetosis, rigidity, spasticity, tremor, dementia, or psychomotor retardation (Koeppen and Dickson, 2001).