IL1B and Anxiety: IL-1β was also positively correlated with anxiety-like behavior in males [r(24) = 0.37, p < 0.05], such that higher levels of IL-1β were associated with increased time spent in the closed arms of the elevated zero-maze, whereas in females IL-1β was negatively correlated with anxiety-like behavior [r(26) = –0.46, p < 0.01] (Figure 5E).