Molecular EGFR and KRAS testing of cytological material could provide also further information to oncologists and pathomorphologists since the presence of EGFR mutations is mutually exclusive of EML4-ALK transcript and low percentage of KRAS mutation (11%) is found in NSCLC specimens carrying the EML4-ALK transcripts (31). The gene discussed is EML4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.