Average HES1 mRNA expression was elevated 2.57-fold in canine OSA tumors compared to the matched normal bone (Figure 3A; p = 0.012); however, this fold change was highly variable when each OSA tumor was compared to its matched normal bone sample, with 5 tumors exhibiting elevated expression compared to normal bone and 4 tumors having virtually unchanged expression (Figure 3B, range 1.19-6.17-fold). This evidence concerns the gene HES1 and neoplasm.