In addition to autosomal EDMD, ERK1/2 has been implicated as contributing to skeletal or cardiac muscle pathology in mdx[39-41], γ-sarcoglycan-deficient [42,43], and Lama2Dy-w[44] mice, respective small animal models of Duchenne, limb girdle type 2C, and a form of congenital muscular dystrophy. Here, MAPK3 is linked to congenital muscular dystrophy.