Increased expression of TNF-α has been found in the lung tissues of humans and animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, and administration of a neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibody to an animal model was shown to attenuate pulmonary indicating that TNF-α is an important cytokine in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis [41,42]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.