The two core syndromes, accounting for most cases, are the neuroaxonal dystrophies pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN, formerly known as Hallervorden-Spatz disease), currently classified as NBIA type 1 and PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN), classified as NBIA type 2. The gene discussed is PANK1; the disease is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.