DUSP1 and cancer: Instead, recent studies have shown that GCs initiate a survival signal in ERα-negative breast epithelial (MCF10A) and cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells via up-regulation of pro-survival genes, such as serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) (10, 11).