The highest levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IFNγ, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL2/MCP-1, IP-10) (after s.c. and i.c. inoculation) and IL-5 (after s.c. inoculation) were detected in CcS-11 mice, indicating that these cytokines/chemokines can be associated with a more severe form of TBE in our experimental model. Here, IFNG is linked to tick-borne encephalitis.