Furthermore, many of the genes that have consistently been associated with schizophrenia, such as NRG1, RGS4, DTNBP1, and DAAO are involved in regulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, with the antipsychotic clozapine being shown to increase levels of NRG1 as well as vesicle-associated membrane protein-1 (VAMP1) in human primary cultures exposed at steady state plasma levels (Chana et al., 2009), indicating that NRG1 may be a possible therapeutic target. This evidence concerns the gene DTNBP1 and schizophrenia.