The etiological mechanisms of PCI are unclear, although PCI has been reported to develop in association with raised intra-abdominal pressure due to ileus surgery, colonoscopy, pulmonary diseases such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, trichloroethylene exposure, connective tissue disorders, and use of immune-suppressants and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors[3,4]. This evidence concerns the gene GAA and chronic bronchitis.