Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare hereditary systemic vasculopathy, caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene encoding a transmembrane receptor mainly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in adult human tissue [7]. The gene discussed is NOTCH3; the disease is cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy.